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Monitoring the Circulation and Impact of SARS-Cov-2 Variants on Public Health During COVID-19 Pandemic: a Case Study in a South Brazil Population
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Glugoski, Larissa

; Karas, Laís Priscila

; Nogaroto, Viviane

; Miléo, Fernanda Couto

; Augustinho, Ana Luiza

; Simionatto, Mackelly

; Pileggi, Marcos

; Cruz, Bruno Ribeiro

; Fávero, Giovani Marino

; Vicari, Marcelo Ricardo

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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2023, Volume 66 elocation e23220591

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was the responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Because of its high transmissibility, allied to the emergence of some variants of concern (VOC), like Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron, the detection of these strains must be rapid and efficient. Among the tests available, the reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) is considered the gold standard test for COVID-19 detection, and the use of specific primers and probes can discriminate the different COVID-19 variants. In this study, we screened 317 individuals tested positive for COVID-19 from the municipality of Ponta Grossa (Paraná State, Brazil), from April/2021 to February/2022, aiming to identify the Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants, by RT-PCR, using specific probes. The Gamma variant was detected from April/2021 to September/2021. The Delta variant was subsequently detected from August/2021 to November/2021. The Omicron variant was the unique strain detected from December/2021 to February/2022 and, because of its high rate of transmissibility, it caused a considerable increase in the number of COVID-19 infections. Mass testing is considered an important strategy for COVID-19 control and, the correct detection of new strains, could improve the knowledge about the virus´ behavior, permitting the development of drugs and optimized vaccines.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2023220591

Population structuration and chromosomal features homogeneity in Parodon nasus (Characiformes: Parodontidae): A comparison between Lower and Upper Paraná River representatives
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Azambuja, Matheus

; Marcondes, Daiane Santana

; Nogaroto, Viviane

; Moreira-Filho, Orlando

; Vicari, Marcelo Ricardo

Neotropical Ichthyology

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2022, Volume 20 Nº 1 elocation e210162

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A ictiofauna do sistema hidrográfico La Plata é dividida em alto e baixo rio Paraná devido ao isolamento geográfico dos Saltos das Sete Quedas há 22 milhões de anos, atualmente inundado pelo lago da represa da Usina de Itaipu. Em Parodontidae, espécies pares ou grupos de espécies crípticas foram descritos entre esses sistemas. Contudo, embora o isolamento genético e especiação já tenham sido propostos em outras espécies do grupo, Parodon nasus tem sido mantido como espécie válida e distribuída em toda a bacia do rio La Plata. Nessa perspectiva, exemplares de P. nasus de quatro diferentes pontos de amostragem nos sistemas do alto e baixo rio Paraná foram comparados quanto ao arranjo dos cariótipos, análises moleculares de biologia populacional e delimitação de espécies, afim de investigar seu isolamento genético e populacional na bacia do rio La Plata. Apesar da barreira geográfica e imensa distância geográfica separando os exemplares amostrados no sistema baixo rio Paraná em comparação àqueles do alto rio Paraná, os dados obtidos demonstraram P. nasus como único táxon válido. Dessa forma, diferentemente de outras espécies de Parodontidae que demonstraram diversificação quando comparados grupos pares residentes no baixo e alto rio Paraná, P. nasus demonstrou estruturação populacional e homogeneidade cariotípica.

ABSTRACT The ichthyofauna of the La Plata hydrographic basin is divided into Upper and Lower Paraná River systems due to the geographic isolation of the Sete Quedas waterfalls, currently flooded by the lake of the Itaipu dam. In Parodontidae, pairs of species, or groups of cryptic species were described between these systems. Although genetic isolation and speciation have already been proposed in other species in the group, Parodon nasus has been maintained as a valid species and distributed throughout the La Plata river basin. In this perspective, specimens of P. nasus from four different sampling sites in the Upper and Lower Paraná River systems were compared regarding the karyotypes, molecular analyzes of population biology and species delimitation to investigate their genetic and population isolation in the La Plata river basin. Despite a geographic barrier and the immense geographic distance separating the specimens sampled from the Lower Paraná River system compared to those from the Upper Paraná River, the data obtained showed P. nasus as a unique taxon. Thus, unlike other species of Parodontidae that showed diversification when comparing the groups residing in the Lower versus Upper Paraná River, P. nasus showed a population structure and a karyotypic homogeneity.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0162

Evolutionary breakpoint regions and chromosomal remodeling in Harttia (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) species diversification
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Deon, Geize Aparecida

; Glugoski, Larissa

; Hatanaka, Terumi

; Sassi, Francisco de Menezes Cavalcante

; Nogaroto, Viviane

; Bertollo, Luiz Antonio Carlos

; Liehr, Thomas

; Al-Rikabi, Ahmed

; Moreira Filho, Orlando

; Cioffi, Marcelo de Bello

; Vicari, Marcelo Ricardo

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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2022, Volume 45 Nº 2 elocation e20210170

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The Neotropical armored catfish genus Harttia presents a wide variation of chromosomal rearrangements among its representatives. Studies indicate that translocation and Robertsonian rearrangements have triggered the karyotype evolution in the genus, including differentiation of sex chromosome systems. However, few studies used powerful tools, such as comparative whole chromosome painting, to clarify this highly diversified scenario. Here, we isolated probes from the X1 (a 5S rDNA carrier) and the X2 (a 45S rDNA carrier) chromosomes of Harttia punctata, which displays an X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y multiple sex chromosome system. Those probes were applied in other Harttia species to evidence homeologous chromosome blocks. The resulting data reinforce that translocation events played a role in the origin of the X1X2Y sex chromosome system in H. punctata. The repositioning of homologous chromosomal blocks carrying rDNA sites among ten Harttia species has also been demonstrated. Anchored to phylogenetic data it was possible to evidence some events of the karyotype diversification of the studied species and to prove an independent origin for the two types of multiple sex chromosomes, XX/XY1Y2 and X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y, that occur in Harttia species. The results point to evolutionary breakpoint regions in the genomes within or adjacent to rDNA sites that were widely reused in Harttia chromosome remodeling.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2021-0170

Comparative cytogenetics among Boana species (Anura, Hylidae): focus on evolutionary variability of repetitive DNA
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Venancio Neto, Sebastião

; Noleto, Rafael Bueno

; Azambuja, Matheus

; Gazolla, Camilla Borges

; Santos, Bianca Rocha

; Nogaroto, Viviane

; Vicari, Marcelo Ricardo

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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2022, Volume 45 Nº 4 elocation e20220203

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Boana comprises a diverse genus of Neotropical treefrogs, currently rearranged into seven taxonomic species groups. Although cytogenetic studies have demonstrated diversity in its representatives, the chromosomal mapping of repetitive DNA sequences is still scarce. In this study, Boana albopunctata, Boana faber, and Boana prasina were subjected to in situ localization of different repetitive DNA units to evaluate trends of chromosomal evolution in this genus. Boana faber and B. prasina had 2n=24 chromosomes, while B. albopunctata has 2n=22 and an intra-individual variation related to the presence/absence of one B chromosome. The location of 45S rDNA sites was different in the analyzed karyotypes, corroborating with what was found in the distinct phylogenetic groups of Boana. We presented the first description of 5S rDNA in a Boana species, which showed markings resulting from transposition/translocation mechanisms. In situ localization of microsatellite loci proved to be a helpful marker for karyotype comparison in Boana, commonly with cis accumulation in the heterochromatin. On the other hand, genomic dispersion of microsatellites may be associated with hitchhiking effects during the spreading of transposable elements. The obtained results corroborated the independent diversification of these lineages of species from three distinct phylogenetic groups of Boana.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0203

Telomere organization and the interstitial telomeric sites involvement in insects and vertebrates chromosome evolution
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Vicari, Marcelo Ricardo

; Bruschi, Daniel Pacheco

; Cabral-de-Mello, Diogo Cavalcanti

; Nogaroto, Viviane

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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2022, Volume 45 Nº 3 elocation e20220071

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Telomere has a central role in chromosomal stability events. Chromosome ends organized in telomere-loop prevent activation of DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms, thus keeping the chromosome structure organized. On the other hand, free chromosome ends, dysfunctional telomeres, and interstitial telomeric sequences (ITS) can trigger chromosome rearrangements. Here, the telomere organization, function, and maintenance mechanisms, in addition to ITS types and their involvement in chromosome changes, were revisited. Despite a general (TTAGGG)n sequence being present in vertebrate telomeres, insects show more diversification of their telomere motif. The relation between ITS and chromosome rearrangements was observed in insects and vertebrates, demonstrating different types of genome organization and distribution. Some ITS cannot be considered relicts of chromosome rearrangements because probable they were inserted during a double-strand break repair mechanism. On the other hand, the involvement of telomere sequences participating or triggering chromosome rearrangements or organizing satellite DNA components in several species groups is evident. The genomic assembling advances and applying other methodologies over ITS, and their flanking regions, can help to understand the telomere participation in the chromosomal evolution in species groups with highly diversified karyotypes.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0071

COVID-19: The question of genetic diversity and therapeutic intervention approaches
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Figueiredo, David Livingstone Alves

; Ximenez, João Paulo Bianchi

; Seiva, Fábio Rodrigues Ferreira

; Panis, Carolina

; Bezerra, Rafael dos Santos

; Ferrasa, Adriano

; Cecchini, Alessandra Lourenço

; Medeiros, Alexandra Ivo de

; Almeida, Ana Marisa Fusco

; Ramão, Anelisa

; Boldt, Angelica Beate Winter

; Moya, Carla Fredrichsen

; Chin, Chung Man

; Paula, Daniel de

; Rech, Daniel

; Gradia, Daniela Fiori

; Malheiros, Danielle

; Venturini, Danielle

; Tavares, Eliandro Reis

; Carraro, Emerson

; Ribeiro, Enilze Maria de Souza Fonseca

; Pereira, Evani Marques

; Tuon, Felipe Francisco

; Follador, Franciele Aní Caovilla

; Fernandes, Glaura Scantamburlo Alves

; Volpato, Hélito

; Cólus, Ilce Mara de Syllos

; Oliveira, Jaqueline Carvalho de

; Rodrigues, Jean Henrique da Silva

; Santos, Jean Leandro dos

; Visentainer, Jeane Eliete Laguila

; Brandi, Juliana Cristina

; Serpeloni, Juliana Mara

; Bonini, Juliana Sartori

; Oliveira, Karen Brajão de

; Fiorentin, Karine

; Lucio, Léia Carolina

; Faccin-Galhardi, Ligia Carla

; Ferreto, Lirane Elize Defante

; Lioni, Lucy Megumi Yamauchi

; Consolaro, Marcia Edilaine Lopes

; Vicari, Marcelo Ricardo

; Arbex, Marcos Abdo

; Pileggi, Marcos

; Watanabe, Maria Angelica Ehara

; Costa, Maria Antônia Ramos

; Giannini, Maria José S. Mendes

; Amarante, Marla Karine

; Khalil, Najeh Maissar

; Lima Neto, Quirino Alves de

; Herai, Roberto H.

; Guembarovski, Roberta Losi

; Shinsato, Rogério N.

; Mainardes, Rubiana Mara

; Giuliatti, Silvana

; Yamada-Ogatta, Sueli Fumie

; Gerber, Viviane Knuppel de Quadros

; Pavanelli, Wander Rogério

; Silva, Weber Claudio da

; Petzl-Erler, Maria Luiza

; Valente, Valeria

; Soares, Christiane Pienna

; Cavalli, Luciane Regina

; Silva Jr, Wilson Araujo

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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2021, Volume 44 Nº 1 elocation e20200452

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the largest pandemic in modern history with very high infection rates and considerable mortality. The disease, which emerged in China’s Wuhan province, had its first reported case on December 29, 2019, and spread rapidly worldwide. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic and global health emergency. Since the outbreak, efforts to develop COVID-19 vaccines, engineer new drugs, and evaluate existing ones for drug repurposing have been intensively undertaken to find ways to control this pandemic. COVID-19 therapeutic strategies aim to impair molecular pathways involved in the virus entrance and replication or interfere in the patients’ overreaction and immunopathology. Moreover, nanotechnology could be an approach to boost the activity of new drugs. Several COVID-19 vaccine candidates have received emergency-use or full authorization in one or more countries, and others are being developed and tested. This review assesses the different strategies currently proposed to control COVID-19 and the issues or limitations imposed on some approaches by the human and viral genetic variability.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2020-0452

Heterochromatin and microsatellites detection in karyotypes of four sea turtle species: Interspecific chromosomal differences
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Machado, Caroline Regina Dias

; Domit, Camila

; Pucci, Marcela Baer

; Gazolla, Camilla Borges

; Glugoski, Larissa

; Nogaroto, Viviane

; Vicari, Marcelo Ricardo

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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2020, Volume 43 Nº 4 elocation e20200213

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The wide variation in size and content of eukaryotic genomes is mainly attributed to the accumulation of repetitive DNA sequences, like microsatellites, which are tandemly repeated DNA sequences. Sea turtles share a diploid number (2n) of 56, however recent molecular cytogenetic data have shown that karyotype conservatism is not a rule in the group. In this study, the heterochromatin distribution and the chromosomal location of microsatellites (CA)n, (GA)n, (CAG)n, (GATA)n, (GAA)n, (CGC)n and (GACA)n in Chelonia mydas, Caretta caretta, Eretmochelys imbricata and Lepidochelys olivacea were comparatively investigated. The obtained data showed that just the (CA)n, (GA)n, (CAG)n and (GATA)n microsatellites were located on sea turtle chromosomes, preferentially in heterochromatic regions of the microchromosomes (mc). Variations in the location of heterochromatin and microsatellites sites, especially in some pericentromeric regions of macrochromosomes, corroborate to proposal of centromere repositioning occurrence in Cheloniidae species. Furthermore, the results obtained with the location of microsatellites corroborate with the temperature sex determination mechanism proposal and the absence of heteromorphic sex chromosomes in sea turtles. The findings are useful for understanding part of the karyotypic diversification observed in sea turtles, especially those that explain the diversification of Carettini from Chelonini species.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2020-0213 556 downloads

Cytogenetics and DNA barcode reveal an undescribed Apareiodon species (Characiformes: Parodontidae)
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Santos, Emanoel Oliveira dos

; Deon, Geize Aparecida

; Almeida, Rafael Bonfim de

; Oliveira, Ezequiel Aguiar de

; Nogaroto, Viviane

; Silva, Hugmar Pains da

; Pavanelli, Carla Simone

; Cestari, Marta Margarete

; Bertollo, Luiz Antonio Carlos

; Moreira-Filho, Orlando

; Vicari, Marcelo Ricardo

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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Jun 2019, Volume 42 Nº 2 Páginas 365 - 373

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Parodontidae is a small group of fish and some species are particularly difficult to identify due to the lack of sufficiently consistent morphological traits. Cytogenetically, the species possess 2n = 54 chromosomes and are either sex-homomorphic or sex-heteromorphic (regarding its chromosomes). We evaluated data on color, tooth morphology, cytogenetics, and mitochondrial markers (COI) in Apareiodon specimens from the Aripuanã River (Amazon basin) and the results were compared to other congeneric taxa. Morphological results show an overlap of body color and tooth morphology to other known Apareiodon. The cytogenetics data showed that the 2n = 54 chromosomes, 50 m/sm + 4 st and, a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system in Apareiodon sp. are common to other species of the genus. However, the number and chromosomal localization of the 45S ribosomal and pPh2004 satellite DNA sites, in addition to W chromosome localization of the pPh2004 appear to be exclusive cytogenetic features in Apareiodon sp. Our phylogenetic tree revealed well-supported clades and confirmed, by barcode species delimitation analysis, a new Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (MOTU) for Apareiodon sp. (Aripuanã River). As a whole, the above features support the occurrence of a new species of the Apareiodon, thus far unknown for the Parodontidae.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0066 830 downloads

Dispersion of transposable elements and multigene families: Microstructural variation in Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) genomes
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Pucci, Marcela Baer

; Nogaroto, Viviane

; Moreira-Filho, Orlando

; Vicari, Marcelo Ricardo

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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Set 2018, Volume 41 Nº 3 Páginas 585 - 592

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Eukaryotic genomes consist of several repetitive DNAs, including dispersed DNA sequences that move between chromosome sites, tandem repeats of DNA sequences, and multigene families. In this study, repeated sequences isolated from the genome of Characidium gomesi were analyzed and mapped to chromosomes in Characidium zebra and specimens from two populations of C. gomesi. The sequences were transposable elements (TEs) named retroelement of Xiphophorus (Rex); multigene families of U2 small nuclear RNA (U2 snRNA); and histones H1, H3, and H4. Sequence analyses revealed that U2 snRNA contains a major portion corresponding to the Tx1-type non-LTR retrotransposon Keno, the preferential insertion sites of which are U2 snRNA sequences. All histone sequences were found to be associated with TEs. In situ localization revealed that these DNA sequences are dispersed throughout the autosomes of the species, but they are not involved in differentiation of the specific region of the W sex chromosome in C. gomesi. We discuss mechanisms of TE invasion into multigene families that lead to microstructural variation in Characidium genomes.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0121 1239 downloads

10.

Chromosome Mapping and Molecular Characterization of the Tc1/Mariner Element in Rineloricaria (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)
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Primo, Cleberson Cezario

; Glugoski, Larissa

; Vicari, Marcelo Ricardo

; Nogaroto, Viviane

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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2018, Volume 61 elocation e18170623

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The Tc1/Mariner sequence was isolated and mapped on chromosomes aiming to verify the association of this transposable element (TE) and chromosomal rearrangements in Rineloricaria. Cytogenetic analysis showed that Tc1/Mariner does not co-localize with chromosomal fusion points, in addition the analysis revealed intense molecular degeneration in its DNA sequence.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2018170623 3154 downloads

11.

Comparative Cytogenetics Among Three Sympatric Hypostomus Species (Siluriformes: Loricariidae): An Evolutionary Analysis in a High Endemic Region
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Lorscheider, Carla Andreia

; Oliveira, Jordana Inácio Nascimento

; Dulz, Thais Aparecida

; Nogaroto, Viviane

; Martins-Santos, Isabel Cristina

; Vicari, Marcelo Ricardo

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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2018, Volume 61 elocation e18180417

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The karyotypes of three armored catfish species (Loricariidae) from the Iguaçu river, southern of the Brazil, were compared using different techniques: C-banding, Ag-NOR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), which used 5S and 18S rDNAs and total Cot-1 fraction as probes. Hypostomus commersoni and Hypostomus derbyi presented 2n = 68 chromosomes, with karyotype formulae 12m+12sm+14st+30a and 12m+12sm+10st+34a, respectively; whereas Hypostomus myersi presented 2n = 74 chromosomes and 12m+16sm+12st+34a. The chromosomal localization of the Ag-NORs, 5S and 18S rDNAs differed in number of sites and chromosomal localization among the studied species. The total Cot-1 probe permitted the visualization of the repetitive DNA fraction in karyotypes of each species. Cross-hybridizations using total Cot-1 probe revealed that these species have repetitive DNAs in common. However, this does not occur in H. commersoni in relation to the other species. The apparent karyotype similarity suggests a close relationship between the sympatric H. commersoni and H. derbyi species, but the small differences detected in the examined chromosomal markers indicate evolutionary divergence due to gene flow restriction among them. Hence, the present findings indicate different composition of repetitive sequences among studied species, which permit to infer its role in chromosomal differentiation of Hypostomus.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2018180417 2858 downloads

12.

Swim training and the genetic expression of adipokines in monosodium glutamate-treated obese rats
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Svidnicki, Paulo Vinicius

; Leite, Nayara Carvalho

; Vicari, Marcelo Ricardo

; Almeida, Mara Cristina de

; Artoni, Roberto Ferreira

; Favero, Giovani Marino

; Grassiolli, Sabrina

; Nogaroto, Viviane

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Jun 2015, Volume 59 Nº 3 Páginas 210 - 214

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic expression of adipokines in the adipocytes of monosodium glutamate (MSG)-treated obese rats submitted to physical activity.Materials and methods Obesity was induced by neonatal MSG administration. Exercised rats (MSG and control) were subjected to swim training for 30 min for 10 weeks, whereas their respective controls remained sedentary. Total RNA was obtained from sections of the mesenteric adipose tissue of the rats. mRNA levels of adiponectin (Adipoq), tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnf), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (Ppara), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparg) adipokines were quantified by quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR).Results In the exercise-trained control group, the expression of Adipoq increased compared to the sedentary control, which was not observed in the MSG-obese rats. Increased levels of Tnf in MSG-obese rats were not reversed by the swim training. The expression of Ppara was higher in sedentary MSG-obese rats compared to the sedentary control. Swimming increased this adipokine expression in the exercise-trained control rats compared to the sedentary ones. mRNA levels of Pparg were higher in the sedentary MSG-rats compared to the sedentary control; however, the exercise did not influenced its expression in the groups analyzed.Conclusions In conclusion, regular physical activity was not capable to correct the expression of proinflammatory adipokines in MSG-obese rat adipocytes.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2359-3997000000039 1726 downloads

13.

Sex chromosome system ZZ/ZW in Apareiodon hasemani Eigenmann, 1916 (Characiformes, Parodontidae) and a derived chromosomal region
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Bellafronte, Elisangela

; Schemberger, Michelle Orane

; Artoni, Roberto Ferreira

; Moreira Filho, Orlando

; Vicari, Marcelo Ricardo

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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2012, Volume 35 Nº 4 Páginas 770 - 776

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Parodontidae fish show few morphological characteristics for the identification of their representatives and chromosomal analyses have provided reliable features for determining the interrelationships in this family. In this study, the chromosomes of Apareiodon hasemani from the São Francisco River basin, Brazil, were analyzed and showed a karyotype with 2n = 54 meta/submetacentric chromosomes, and a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system. The study revealed active NORs located on pair 11 and additional 18S rDNA sites on pairs 7 and 22. The 5S rDNA locus was found in pair 14. It showed a pericentric inversion regarding the ancestral condition. The satellite DNA pPh2004 was absent in the chromosomes of A. hasemani, a shared condition with most members of Apareiodon. The WAp probe was able to detect the amplification region of the W chromosome, corroborating the common origin of the system within Parodontidae. These chromosomal data corroborate an origin for the ZW system of Parodontidae and aid in the understanding of the differentiation of sex chromosome systems in Neotropical fishes.

2675 downloads Citado 2 vezes em SciELO

14.

Karyotype variability in neotropical catfishes of the family Pimelodidae (Teleostei: Siluriformes)
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Moraes Neto, Américo

; Silva, Maelin da

; Matoso, Daniele Aparecida

; Vicari, Marcelo Ricardo

; Almeida, Mara Cristina de

; Collares-Pereira, Maria João

; Artoni, Roberto Ferreira

Neotropical Ichthyology

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Mar 2011, Volume 9 Nº 1 Páginas 97 - 105

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Dados cariotípicos são apresentados para quatro espécies da família Pimelodidae. Todas apresentaram o mesmo número diploide, 2n = 56 cromossomos, com diferenças nas fórmulas cariotípicas. As espécies aqui analisadas mostraram pouca quantidade de heterocromatina localizada preferencialmente na região centromérica e telomérica de alguns cromossosmos do complemento cariotípico. As regiões organizadoras de nucléolo (Ag-RONs) e a localização dos genes ribossomais pela hibridização in situ fluorescente (FISH), com sondas 18S e 5S, evidenciaram somente um par cromossômico marcado portador de genes ribossomais, à exceção de Pimelodus britskii que apresentou NORs múltiplas e localização sintênica das sondas 18S e 5S. Eventos não-Robertsonianos, como inversão pericêntrica e duplicação das NORs são requeridos para explicar a diversificação cariotípica em Pseudoplatystoma do rio Paraguai (MS), Pimelodus do rio Iguaçu (PR), Sorubim do rio Paraguai (MS) e Steindachneridion do rio Paraíba do Sul (SP). Os dados obtidos para a macroestrutura cariotípica destas espécies corrobora um padrão conservado observado na família Pimelodidae. Por outro lado, evidências de variações interespecíficas pelos marcadores de citogenética molecular empregados possibilitam inferências citotaxonômicas e diferenciação das espécies aqui analisadas.

Karyotypic data are presented for four species of fish belonging to the Pimelodidae family. These species show a conserved diploid number, 2n = 56 chromosomes, with different karyotypic formulae. The analyzed species showed little amount of heterochromatin located preferentially in the centromeric and telomeric regions of some chromosomes. The nucleolus organizer regions activity (Ag-NORs) and the chromosomal location of ribosomal genes by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), with 18S and 5S probes, showing only one chromosome pair marked bearer of ribosomal genes, the only exception was Pimelodus britskii that presented multiple NORs and syntenic location of the 18S and 5S probes. Non-Robertsonian events, as pericentric inversion and NORs duplication are requested to explain the karyotype diversification in Pseudoplatystoma from the rio Paraguay (MS), Pimelodus from the rio Iguaçu (PR), Sorubim from the rio Paraguay (MS) and Steindachneridion from the rio Paraíba do Sul (SP). The obtained data for the karyotype macrostructure of these species corroborates a conserved pattern observed in Pimelodidae. On the other hand, interspecific variations detected by molecular cytogenetics markers made possible cytotaxonomic inferences and differentiation of the species here analyzed.

2484 downloads Citado 1 vez em SciELO

15.

Metabolic effects of an entero-omentectomy in mildly obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients after three years
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Milleo, Fábio Quirilo

; Campos, Antonio Carlos Ligocki

; Santoro, Sérgio

; Lacombe, Arnaldo

; Santo, Marco Aurélio

; Vicari, Marcelo Ricardo

; Nogaroto, Viviane

; Artoni, Roberto Ferreira

Clinics

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2011, Volume 66 Nº 7 Páginas 1227 - 1233

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND: Various digestive tract procedures effectively improve metabolic syndrome, especially the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Very good metabolic results have been shown with vertical gastrectomy and entero-omentectomy; however, the metabolic effects of an isolated entero-omentectomy have not been previously studied. METHODS: Nine patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a body mass index ranging from 29 to 34.8 kg/m² underwent an entero-omentectomy procedure that consisted of an enterectomy of the middle jejunum and exeresis of the major part of the omentum performed through a mini-laparotomy. Glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY were measured preoperatively and three months following the operation. Fasting and postprandial variations in glycemia, insulinemia, triglyceridemia, hemoglobin A1c, and body mass index were determined in the preoperative period and 3, 18 and, 36 months after the operation. RESULTS: All patients significantly improved the control of their type 2 diabetes mellitus. Postprandial secretion of peptide YY and Glucagon-like peptide-1 were enhanced, whereas hemoglobin A1c, fasting and postprandial glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels were significantly reduced. Mean body mass index was reduced from 31.1 to 27.3 kg/m². No major surgical or nutritional complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Entero-omentectomy is easy and safe to perform. A simple reduction in jejunal extension and visceral fat causes important improvements in the metabolic profile.

2885 downloads Citado 1 vez em SciELO

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